Jun 292012
 

Quality foreign translations are needed in many languages!

A painting about The Mabinogion Courtesy: www.sacred-texts.com

A painting about The Mabinogion Courtesy: www.sacred-texts.com

A monumental addition to the world’s cultural treasure chest came in the form of an English translation at the hands of a man named Gwyn Thomas.  (The original translation was done by Lady Charlotte Guest in 1877, which is when the title The Mabinogion also became popular.)  Thomas, who is a Welsh writer and a professor, has published 16 volumes of poetry, and several volumes of work as a literary and cultural critic.  But perhaps his greatest contribution, his grand opus, was his translation of The Mabinogion into English. For those of you who are unfamiliar, The Mabinogion is a collection of stories taken from medieval Welsh manuscripts.

This group of 11 stories focuses on historical events in both the medieval and Iron Age.  Several of the stories are important to note as they provide valuable evidence for the development of the Arthurian legend.  The stories of The Mabinogion appear in the earlier White Book of Rhydderch and The Red Book of Hergest.  They are divided into The Four Branches of the Mabinogi, four native tales, and three romances.  This collection consists of the preponderance of prose found in medieval Welsh manuscripts that had not been translated from other languages. Continue reading “Translating a Wealth of Welsh Literature into English” »

Jun 292012
 

Structural development in the brain may predict the ability to learn foreign languages.

Brain mapping Photo: wikipedia.org

Brain mapping Photo: wikipedia.org

Have you wondered why others can pick up foreign languages so easily and you have such difficulty with the same task?  A group of neuroscientists from University College London has uncovered a clue: fast language learners have developed different brain structures at different rates than slow language learners.  Their findings, entitled “Brain structure predicts the learning of foreign speech,” determined that the capacity to differentiate sounds in a foreign language is linked to cerebral white matter.  In accordance with their results, quick learners have more white matter and a less symmetrical brain than those who labor with foreign tongues.

Translation agencies haven’t gone quite the distance of having their translators’ brains examined, but their translators and interpreters should be qualified professionals, selected for projects on the basis of their Continue reading “Being stumped by foreign languages? Feel Free to Blame You Brain!” »

Neutral Spanish

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Jun 282012
 

Can such a language exist?

Latin American Spanish Photo: www.izea.net/world/southamerica.htm

Latin American Spanish Photo: www.izea.net/world/southamerica.htm

The Spanish language was born in Spain out of the prolific womb of Vulgar Latin.  When Spain decided to conquer Latin America, they brought their language with them and introduced it to the indigenous peoples.

However, just as the United States of America is geographically cut off from England, producing different intonations, language patterns and phrases, the huge mountain ranges and impenetrable jungle landscapes of Latin America have isolated pockets of Spanish being spoken throughout the region.  There is also the same Atlantic Ocean that still separates them all from Mother Spain herself.  These geographic barriers produced several dialects of Spanish that sound distinctly different than the Spanish mother tongue.  As all languages evolve with time, almost every region of Latin America has a form of Spanish uniquely their own, with some distinctive nouns and phraseology.  Other areas that are so cut off from the outer world by nearly insurmountable geographic forces have kept a form of Spanish almost as pure as their Castilian predecessors. Continue reading “Neutral Spanish” »

Jun 272012
 

From the need to understand and translate languages comes the study of their structure.

The Linquistics Encyclopedia photo: lit-download.blogspot.com/2008_09_01_archive.html

The Linquistics Encyclopedia photo: lit-download.blogspot.com/2008_09_01_archive.html

In the early 20th century, language scholars decided they needed a theory of linguistic structure and a strategy for analyzing those structures.  And so was born the field of structural linguistics.  Some of the first pioneers included the anthropologists Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, and Leonard Bloomfield. When historical comparative linguistics bumped up against unfamiliar languages, the linguist’s first job was to thoroughly dissect and delineate the language for closer study.

In Europe there was a parallel development of structural linguistics most strongly inspired by Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss student of Indo-European and general linguistics.  His lectures on general linguistics, published posthumously by his students, set the tone and direction of European linguistic analysis from the 1920s forward.  His approach has been widely embraced in other fields under the umbrella of the term “Structuralism.” Continue reading “The Birth of Structural Linguistics” »

Jun 272012
 

Many historical translators believe all human languages descended from the Garden of Eden.

Adam and Eve Photo: www.answersfrommen.com

Adam and Eve Photo: www.answersfrommen.com

Scholars across the globe once believed that all human languages were handed down from the language of Adam and Eve, a language referred to as Adamic.

“In the Sanskrit Language (1786), Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit and Persian had resemblances to classical Greek, Latin, Gothic and Celtic languages. From this idea sprang the field of comparative historical linguistics. Through the 19th century, European linguistics centered on the comparative history of the Indo-European languages, with a concern for finding their common roots and tracing their development.”

Operating from a biblical vantage point, some intellectuals accepted as truth that all human languages were the progeny of the language of Adam and Eve’s Adamic Language.  Many of these learned men believed that the Hebrew Language was, in fact, the Continue reading “Translating Paradise” »

Jun 272012
 

Conquering geographic isolation and foreign neighbors with foreign languages, America’s true linguistic identity was formed.

George Washington at the Signing of the Constitution by John Howard Christy from Wikipedia.org

George Washington at the Signing of the Constitution by John Howard Christy from Wikipedia.org

After enduring radical changes from its homeland and home language, the use of English in the colonies still remained close to that of the motherland, at least up to the bloody conflict of the American Revolution. Following that horrific chapter in American History, American English found itself no longer a colonial variety of British English.  American English burst into its own national period.  Political freedom and independence was soon followed by a flood of cultural freedom and independence.  A notable Founding Father of this Cultural Revolution was Noah Webster.  With his history as a school teacher, he perceived the need for this new nation to establish its own linguistic identity.

“Accordingly he set out to provide dictionaries and textbooks for recording and teaching American English with American models. The need Webster sought to fill was twofold: to help Americans realize they should no longer look to England for a standard of usage, and to foster a reasonable degree of uniformity in American English. To those ends, Webster’s dictionary, reader, grammar, and blue-backed speller were major forces for institutionalizing what he called Federal English.”1 Continue reading “The Final Genesis of American English” »

Jun 272012
 

The Atlantic Ocean was an effective barrier to oral communication between the colonists and those who stayed in England, ensuring that their speech would evolve in different directions.

First Thanksgiving Photo: www.victorialodging.com

First Thanksgiving Photo: www.victorialodging.com

American English settled its roots in three different time periods: the colonial (1607 – 1776), the national (1776 – 1898) and the international (1898 – present) periods.  After four centuries, the United States has borne witness to small changes in syntax and pronunciation, but we have seen much more expansive and exciting changes in both vocabulary and the demeanor of its speakers.

Throughout the 17th century, British colonies up and down the Atlantic Coast set the stage for English to become a permanent language in the Americas.  But the colonists found themselves set apart from their homeland.  With a geographical hurdle the size of the Atlantic Ocean, huge distances left little opportunity to socialize or communicate orally.  Therefore, language patterns begin to evolve separately and people on either side of this physical and social chasm begin to speak differently.  The broad expanse of the Atlantic Ocean between the colonists and those they had left behind in England ensured that their languages would continue to deviate from their common lineage. Continue reading “The History of American English Part 1” »

Jun 252012
 

The Localization process begins with Internationalization of the software or website.

Internationalization photo: www.tbmagazine.net

Internationalization photo: www.tbmagazine.net

The Internationalization of your software and/or website is the first critical step towards Localization.  But let’s start with a quick overview of exactly what Internationalization is. LISA, the now defunct Localization Industry Standards Association, defined it as follows:

Internationalization is the process of generalizing a product so that it can handle multiple languages and cultural conventions without the need for re-design. Internationalization takes place at the level of program design and document development.

Basically, prior to sending the source material to the localization vendor, the product must be made ready for international markets.  This process entails the removal of text to be translated from the software source code.  “String files, or if you prefer, “resource files,” are created to house the translated text.  Next, the Continue reading “Internationalization: Step One Moving Towards Localization” »

Jun 252012
 

It is a monumental misconception that bilingual speakers are also able to translate.

Three sets of eyes photo: courtesy www.pbase.com

Three sets of eyes photo: courtesy pbase.com

When searching for translation services, it is vital to remember that just because someone speaks two languages does NOT mean that this person is qualified to translate between these two languages. The fact is that most bilingual speakers do not receive the sort of education or expertise required for a quality professional translation in either language or in the field of expertise for which the translation is intended.  Often an employer will ask one of their Spanish-speaking team members to translate a letter or some short document from English into Spanish. It happens all the time. It never occurs to the team leader that the employee may not be equally well-educated in both languages–especially not for a Continue reading “Translator vs. Translation Agency” »

Jun 212012
 

Translation converts written text into another language and localization brings those conversions into the wonderful worlds of technology and computers.

Translation/localization photo: www.buildingonline.net

Translation/localization photo: www.buildingonline.net

Translation involves the conversion of written text or spoken words into another language. It is essential that a full understanding of the source material be flawlessly rendered into the target language, concentrating on all possible cultural nuances and style.

The difference between translation and localization can be defined as follows:

“Translation is only one of the activities in localization; in addition to translation, a localization project includes many other tasks such as project management, software engineering, testing and desktop publishing.”1

Localization is typically used by software and web page development industries for translating their software or web sites into different languages and designing them with a specific country or region in mind.  Localization implies that the culture and mannerisms of the specific location for which the localized product is intended will be assimilated into the translation of that product.  Products and environments are geared to work naturally with the target language and individual locale by adding region-specific programs and translating text.

  Continue reading “Translation vs. Localization” »